Ibn Moghafa's Arabic Translation of KELILE AND DAMENE from Pahlavi is considered to be an innovation in literary AND prose style which had been welcome by Arab writers AND literary figures. The translation acquired a very lofty place in Arabic literature AND seriously influenced future literary texts.Far from denying the Iranian AND Indian origins of the text, the present study aims at demonstrating the fact that the Arabic translation had been influenced by Nahj-ol-balaghe as there are at least 8 statements AND tens of themes in the text which are originally from Nahj-ol-balaghe. One might conclude that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has been one of Ibn Moghafa's sources in translating KELILE AND DAMENE. Moreover, the translation could not have been welcome by Arab writers save by following Imam Ali's thought.

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of fresh water needed in the world. In this study, climate data of precipitation, temperature AND evaporation in seven meteorological station; were been used at 20-year period (90-1370). The research method is a causal manner. The correlation AND regression statistical methods were used to study variation of precipitation on aquifer water levels. Average of total rainfall monthly of catchment was calculated using of data from the 1430 cell of 240 maps (20 years x 12 months), respectively. Review of iso-drop maps show that underground water level has dropped in some areas up to 44 meters. On the other hAND, with respect to maps of groundwater movement, this result can be applied a firm management on removal of groundwater; because the water is moving around the aquifer to its center due to law relating to container. So you increase the harvest by palm Central Plains wells, wells sharply against a plain edge AND causing them to shrivel. Our study showed a quite direct relationship between precipitation with water level but relationship of temperature AND evaporation with water balance is reversed. Therefore the process of consumption must be formulated in such a way that the amount of water fed by rainfall could be accountable for the discharge.

Story Telling AND Stort Writing has a long history in Persian literature. These stories are classified into seneral groups in content AND them: epics, my stice, lyrics, ethice. Etc. The readers of these stories belong to speufic classes of the Society, however, the interest in reading stories AND fictions AND their beauty AND attraction have lead to their prevalence among the people. Among these popular literary works, we can refer to KELILE na demne AND sAND bad Name containing allegories these two are didactic AND allegorical, dealing With ethical, social, cultural AND political issues.Regarding the fact that SAND bad Name is an imitation of KELILE va Demne AND are closely related, but there are some important points to be taken into consideration on them.The present article tries to compare the Charactristics of these two, to give AND insight to the readers to make a judgement about them.

All actions AND reflections of behavior in interpersonal AND social interactions are the result of the quality of communication. The non-verbal communication channel, with its emphasis, complementary AND substitution functions AND. . ., makes it possible to communicate more deeply with the channel of verbal communication. The book of KELILE AND Demne Nasrollah Monashi, which is one of the results of ancient India AND one of the most important Persian literary texts of the sixth century, has used many signs of non-verbal communication in constructing its anecdotes. The authors of this article have decoded non-verbal communication symptoms in three channels of visual cues (70 signs), phonetic cues (22 signs), AND physical distance cues (12 signs) AND demonstrated how Nasrallah Manashi was consciously using body language-The authors of this article have decoded non-verbal communication symptoms in three channels of visual cues (70 signs), phonetic cues (22 signs), AND physical distance cues (12 signs) AND demonstrated how Nasrollah Monshi was consciously using body language-Even some animal states have provided the context for increasing the storytelling capacity of their stories. The analysis has shown that body language codes in KELILE AND Demne are not merely voluntary AND voluntary in origin, but some of these states, like frontal states, are more hereditary AND involuntary. In addition, it was shown in this decoding that the use of nonverbal cues in the book of KELILE AND Demne not only revealed the moods AND emotions of the characters, but also as an important element leading to some major events in the anecdotes.

KELILE AND Demne is one of the most salient samples of Persian technical prose rhetorical AND semantic figures AND figures of speech namely simile, metaphor, metonymy AND irony are among the stylistic features of this book. Among these, simile, as the most influential imagination tool, play a dominant role in the illustrations of the book. In this article, simile has been analyzed AND investigated in all its variations in KELILE AND Demne. In this book, simile appears from its most laconic form (eloquent simile) to its most extensive form. But the major feature of theirs is their outspokenness, explicitness AND sometimes their novelty. Among the likening components, the range of image vocabulary is one of the likening features in this book. Also the point of similarity has been usually abstracted from man's states, shape, place, space, volume AND generally affairs concerning visual AND tactile senses. So, its perception is not too much difficult. The variety AND extension of likening vehicles in this work are worth of contemplating.

KELILE o Demne is a book written in sixth century which presents principles AND laws of administration in terms of ethics AND in the form of fables; this method has been pointed out in the book itself. In addition to literary features, it covers numerous ethical AND managerial doctrines. Nasrollah Monshi, the author, has made some points for the principles of managerial ethics which can be so effective if it be studied AND implemented. In the list, ten principles are of great importance: doing justice, entanglement of administration AND religion, knowledge of things, comprehensive foresight, innovation AND creativity, speed in conduct AND foresight, avoidance of oppression, council with others, taking care of the people, encouragement AND punishment. We try to explain these principles based on the KELILE o Demne.

The authors of KELILE Va Demne AND Golestan have emphasized on government AND the need of political states. In both works, civil manners, governments, its methods AND ways have between considered. Regarding moral stANDards AND principles like justice public care about peasants etc, has a close relation with Kings' personal manners AND this is even evident in Iran's historical resources. KELILE Va Demne AND Golestan have played an important role in this context. Saa'di has allocated a chapter (Bab) to Kings, nature AND pointed out some important issues. In KELILE Va Demne these issues have been repeated in another way AND through animals' language. The authors of these two books seek a solution for people's problems AND repelling oppression, corruption AND destruction. Both have known cruel governments as unjust AND introduced suitable patterns are followed AND achieved, people's prosperity in this world AND futurity will be met. In authors' opinion, every act of King, government elements AND profession owners will be effective AND suitable provided that it is not neglecting God but just for his satisfaction AND people's compassion. Both writers have a symbolic attitude toward achieving the best governmental pattern AND have relied on religious training to show its exact characteristics. They have also emphasized on care for religion AND world affairs. Both have regarded justice AND public care as the basis of pious government. This article is aimed to explain just governmental manners regarding justice in KELILE Va Demne AND Golestan. Research findings are presented descriptively AND analytically.

Classic literary texts are of special cultural importance. Although Persian speakers still can read AND understAND these old texts after hundreds of years, for the younger generation AND recent Persian learner is hardly possible due to lexical AND slightly syntactic changes. Therefore, many of these texts have been simplified for children AND even adults. This research tries to compare some stories of KELILE AND Demne with their simplified versions to examine the changes of the literary text through the process of simplification, AND at the same time, to extract patterns of simplification. The reason for picking up KELILE AND Demne is that on the one hAND, it is one of the technical AND ornate literary texts in Persian, AND on the other hAND, it is recurrently simplified. In this research, changes have been classified in four levels of morphology, syntax, lexicon AND text. As result, three different approaches to the mechanism of simplification of old literary texts of Persian were observed: 1) The tendency to keep both the content AND the form of the original text 2) The tendency to keep the content unchanged, but manipulate the form of the original text 3) The tendency to manipulate both the content AND the form of the original text Thus, the form has been always under change. The maipulations can be grouped into four levels of lexical, morphological, syntactic AND textual changes.

Recreating stories, myths, events AND, in general, all the ancient prose AND verse works is of great value AND importance. Recreating helps the artist to create a brAND new work using his power of imagination while he gets the inspiration from the ancient work. AND on the basis of his interests, attitudes AND purposes he changes the genre of any topic. However, these recreations are not always apparent.Resorting to a comparative study of two totally different literary works, the present article seeks to answer the question whether Nima Youshij’s poem under the title of “Mahtab” is the recreation of the allegoric anecdote from KELILE va Demne, namely “Shabtab”. Undoubtedly, one of Nima’s thought sources was his attention to ancient Persian literature. He has mostly taken the essence of his contents from the ancient Persian literary works. But those ancient thoughts AND ideas have been dressed newly AND have changed their inner AND outer figure after being processed in the creative mind of a thoughtful creator like Nima. Due to a large number of similarities between these two literary works, including their characters, dialogues, manners, events, time, space AND other features, one can come to such a conclusion that Nima’s “Mahtab” has doubtlessly been influenced by “Shabtab” in KELILE va Demne, i.e. Nima’s “Mahtab” is the recreation of “Shabtab”.

One may say that The Open Society AND Its Enemies (OS) offered in 1945 the first complete elaboration of the general approach proposed by Karl Popper, namely his ‘critical rationalism’, a bold generalization of the fallibilist falsificationism in the domain of the empirical sciences masterly proposed in Logik der Forschung (1934). The political content of The OS has been critically discussed. Nevertheless, not all people insist on the equally important moral dimension of the book, giving it its unity, I submit. Without morality, no critical discussion, no reason, no open society, let us say in a nutshell. I would argue that according to Popper, a strictly Christian morality of love would not be the appropriate emotional companion of critical rationalism, but that the less demANDing moral emotion of sympathy or compassion is perhaps necessary to give it its force against violence. I give some support to this line of argument. In my view, Popper proposed a somewhat unarticulated critical rationalist ‘emotivism’ of sorts. The emotion of compassion is necessary for triggering our moral decisions AND values, which are the ultimate basis of the choice for a reason against violence.